The ultimate guide to debug problems like “avrdude errors” when uploading software to the arduino

Arduino boards are popular platforms for prototyping and developing embedded systems.

You can build things like a “Luxafor Clone in under an hour”, a “Joke machine with an ESP8266” or a “Toastmaster Timer”.

But when it comes to uploading software, a few common problems can arise. This is a comprehensive guide to help you troubleshoot and resolve them.

These troubleshooting tips apply to Arduino and similar platforms like ESP8266/ESP32, Teensy, Adafruit Feather, STM32, Particle boards, and Arduino-compatible clones.

1. Cable Lacks Data Line

Micro USB cables, though appearing identical, can serve different purposes. Some are designed only for charging, lacking the data transfer lines necessary for communication with devices like the Arduino.

• First, check if the cable you’re using is designed for data transfer.
• Use a different cable and see if the issue persists.

Solution: Always use a USB cable known to support both power and data. It’s a good idea to label or mark cables you’ve confirmed work with the Arduino to avoid confusion in the future.

2. Try a different USB port.

Sometimes, the problem lies with the USB port itself rather than the cable or the Arduino board. Various factors can contribute to USB port issues:

• Using a docking station
• Poorly written drivers for USB 3.0 ports
• Interference from other connected devices
• Power delivery inconsistencies

Solution: Try different USB ports (2.0 or 3.0) in combination with different cables. When troubleshooting, follow this order of connection preference:

1. Direct connection to the motherboard (desktop) or built-in ports (laptop)
2. Front ports on a desktop case
3. USB-C to USB-A adapter
4. Multi-port dongle
5. Docking station with multiple devices connected

The general rule is: the closer the connection is to your computer’s main board, the more reliable it tends to be. This approach helps isolate whether the issue is with a specific port, a hub, or the computer’s USB subsystem in general.

Remember to disconnect other unnecessary USB devices during testing to minimize potential conflicts or power distribution issues.

2. Missing or incompatible driver

Drivers are software components that allow your computer’s operating system to interact with hardware. The Arduino requires specific drivers to communicate with your computer.

• Confirm that the Arduino board is recognized by your computer.
• Check the Device Manager (on Windows) or equivalent on other OS to see if the Arduino appears under “Ports.”
• Check if your Arduino copy has a special USB to Serial Chip (CH340, CH340G & CH341), in that case you need to install the appropriate drivers first.

Solution: If it doesn’t appear or shows an error, you might need to install or update the driver.

3. Absence of a bootloader

A bootloader is a small program pre-loaded on the Arduino board. It allows the board to receive new programs from the computer.

• Determine if the bootloader is missing or corrupted.
• If the Arduino board’s LED doesn’t blink when reset, it might indicate a bootloader issue.

Solution: You can burn a new bootloader onto the board. This requires an external programmer or another working Arduino board. Detailed instructions on how to do this can be found on the Arduino official website.

4. Incorrect board or port selection

The Arduino IDE requires you to select the correct board type and communication port to upload software successfully.

• Ensure that the right board type is selected in the Arduino IDE.
• Make sure the correct COM port is chosen (Other devices might use them too, so there might be multiple choices).

Solution: In the Arduino IDE, go to Tools > Board and select your Arduino board type. Then, go to Tools > Port and choose the COM port that your Arduino is connected to.

5. Board is broken

Like any electronic device, Arduino boards can sometimes become damaged or wear out over time.

• Observe any visible signs of damage on the board, such as burnt components, cracks, or broken pins.
• Check if the board’s onboard LED lights up when connected to power. If not, it could be an indication of a power issue.
• Consider if the board was exposed to conditions that could damage it, such as voltage spikes, static electricity, or moisture.

Solution: If you suspect your board is damaged, it might be best to replace it with one that is working to make sure the problem isn’t with the board. However, if you’re comfortable with electronics, you could attempt to repair it or consult someone with expertise in electronics repair. Always handle your Arduino board with care, ensure it’s stored in a dry place, and avoid exposing it to potential hazards.

6. Typical errors and solutions:

avrdude: ser_open(): can’t open device: This error often indicates a problem with the COM port. Ensure no other software is using the port and that you’ve selected the correct one in the Arduino IDE.

Board at COMX is not available: This can be due to a driver issue, a faulty cable, or a problem with the USB port on your computer. Try using a different cable, port, or reinstalling the drivers.

Out of sync: This error usually points to a bootloader issue. Consider reburning the bootloader as mentioned above.

“avrdude: stk500_getsync() attempt 1 of 10: not in sync: resp=0x00”: This often occurs due to communication issues between the Arduino and the computer. Check the cable or ry pressing the reset button on the Arduino just before uploading.

Error: “avrdude: ser_recv(): read error: The handle is invalid”: This can occur due to COM port issues or if the Arduino is reset while uploading. Disconnect and reconnect the Arduino and try a different USB port and cable.

tldr: use a different USB port and cable.

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